References
Why This Site:
Porges, S. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic is a paradoxical challenge to our nervous system: A polyvagal perspective. Clin Neuropsychiatry, 17(2):135-138. 10.36131/CN20200220
Coe, E., Enomoto, K., & Kothari, A. (2021). COVID-19 and burnout are straining the mental health of employed parents. McKinsey & 2. Company.
Correia, K.M., Bierma, S.R., Houston, S.D., Nelson, M.T., Pannu, K.S.,Tirman, C.N., Cannon, R.L., Clance, L.R., Canterbury, D.N., Google, A.N., Morrison, B.H., & Henning J.A. (2022). education racial and gender disparities in COVID-19 worry, stress, and food insecurities across undergraduate biology students at a southeastern university. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00224-21
Gillis, A., & Krull, L. M. (2020). COVID-19 remote learning transition in Spring 2020: Class structures, student perceptions, and inequality in college courses. Teaching Sociology, 48(4), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092055X20954263
Hagerty, S.L. & Williams, L.M. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on mental health: The interactive roles of brain. Brain, Behavior & Immunity-Health, 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561
Health and care worker deaths during COVID-19. (2021, October 20). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/20-10-2021-health-and-care-worker-deaths-during-covid-19
Hess, A.J. (2020, March 6). How coronavirus dramatically changed college for over 14 million students. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/how-coronavirus-changed-college-for-over-14-million-students.html
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospital and outpatient clinician workforce. (2022, May 3). Office of Health Policy. Retrieved October 1, 2023 from https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/9cc72124abd9ea25d58a22c7692dccb6/aspe-covid-workforce-report.pdf
Krivkovich, A., Rambachan, I., Yee, L. (2021). For mothers in the workplace, a year (and counting) like no other. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/for-mothers-in-the-workplace-a-year-and-counting-like-no-other
Labor force statistics from the current population survey. (2022, September) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm
Lederer A.M., Hoban M.T., Lipson S.K., Zhou S., Eisenberg D. (2021) More Than Inconvenienced: The Unique Needs of U.S. College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Education & Behavior. 48(1):14-19. doi:10.1177/1090198120969372
Marsicano, C., Felten, K., Toledo, L., & Buitendorp, M. (2020). Tracking Campus Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. APSA Preprints. doi: 10.33774/apsa-2020-3wvrl.
Over 9 in 10 college students report mental health impacts from COVID-19. (2022, October 22). Best Colleges. https://www.bestcolleges.com/research/college-mental-health-impacts-from-covid-19/
Porges, S.W. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic is a paradoxical challenge to our nervous system: a polyvagal perspective. Clin Neuropsychiatry, 17(2) 135-138. doi: 10.36131/CN
Power, K. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families, Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16:1, 67-73, 10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561
Salzberg, S. (2022, May 16). Zoom is crushing students’ spirits. It’s time to come back to class. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2022/05/16/zoom-is-crushing-college-students-and-not-in-a-good-way/?sh=69271df7a9df
Shmerling, R. (2020, April 8). What’s it like to be a healthcare worker in a pandemic? Harvard Health Publishing.
Soria, K.M., Horgos, B., & Shenouda, J.D. (2022). Disparities in college students’ financial hardships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 31-48 https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2022.2046597
Term Enrollment Estimate. (2019, Fall). National Student Clearinghouse, Research Center. https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/CTEE_Report_Fall_2019.pdf
Term Enrollment Estimate. (2020, Fall). National Student Clearinghouse, Research Center. https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/CTEE_Report_Fall_2020.pdf
Term Enrollment Estimate. (2021, Fall). National Student Clearinghouse, Research Center.
https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/CTEE_Report_Fall_2021.pdf
Walke, H.T., Honein, M.A., Redfield, R.R. (2020) Preventing and responding to COVID-19 on college campuses. JAMA, 324(17), 1727–1728. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.20027
What a year it was: a 2020 timeline. (2020, December 21). Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-12-18/what-a-year-it-was-a-2020-timeline
What is Polyvagal Theory:
Dana, D. (2018). The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy: Engaging the Rhythm of Regulation. W.W. Norton.
Dana, D. (2020). Polyvagal Flip Chart: understanding the science of safety. W.W. Norton & Company.
Dana, D. (2021). Putting polyvagal theory into practice, PESI, https://catalog.pesi.com/showtime/15759721
Dana, D. (2023). Rhythm Of Regulation. https://www.rhythmofregulation.com
Porges, S. W. (2011). The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W.W. Norton.
Porges S.W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: new insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. Cleve Clin J Med. 2-8. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.76.s2.17.
Porges, S.W. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe. W.W. Norton & Company.
Porges, S.W. (2022). Polyvagal theory: a science of safety. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 16. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.871227
Porges, S.W. & Dana, D. (2018). Clinical Applications of the Polyvagal Theory: The Emergence of Polyvagal-Informed Therapies. New York: WW Norton.
The Science of Safety:
Dana, D. (2020). Polyvagal Flip Chart: understanding the science of safety. W.W. Norton & Company.
Dana, D. (2021). Putting polyvagal theory into practice, PESI, https://catalog.pesi.com/showtime/15759721
Porges, S.W. (2022). Polyvagal theory: a science of safety. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 16. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.871227
3 Nervous System States:
Dana, D. (2020). Polyvagal Flip Chart: understanding the science of safety. W.W. Norton & Company.
Dana, D. (2021). Putting polyvagal theory into practice, PESI, https://catalog.pesi.com/showtime/15759721
Porges, S.W. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe. W.W. Norton & Company.
Reichard, G. (2021, June 4). Cultivating Resilience. Self-Leadership & Resilience Coaching. https://www.heartrich.ca/blog/the-heart-of-resilience/
Role of Resilience:
Dana, D. (2020). Polyvagal Exercises for Safety and Connection. W.W. Norton & Company.
Kain, K.L. & Terrell, S.J. (2018). Nurturing Resilience: Helping Clients Move Forward from Developmental Trauma. North Atlantic Books.
Porges, S. W. (2011). The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W.W. Norton.
Porges, S.W. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe. W.W. Norton & Company.
Porges, S.W. (2022) Polyvagal Theory: A Science of Safety. Front Integr Neurosci,.10(16) doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.871227
Porges, S.W. & Dana, D. (2018). Clinical Applications of the Polyvagal Theory: The Emergence of Polyvagal-Informed Therapies. New York: WW Norton.
Reichard, G. (2021, June 4). Cultivating Resilience. Self-Leadership & Resilience Coaching. https://www.heartrich.ca/blog/the-heart-of-resilience/
Key Terms:
Autonomic Nervous system: McCorry LK. Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007 Aug 15;71(4):78. doi: 10.5688/aj710478. PMID: 17786266; PMCID: PMC1959222.
Porges, S.W. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe. W.W. Norton & Company.
Brain:
Bao, A. M., & Swaab, D. F. (2019). The human hypothalamus in mood disorders: the HPA axis in the center. IBRO reports, 6, 45-53.
Fadok, J. P., Markovic, M., Tovote, P., & Lüthi, A. (2018). New perspectives on central amygdala function. Current opinion in neurobiology, 49, 141-147.
Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022). The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 72-89.
Greenberg, M. (2018). Applied Neuroscience for Brain Change in the treatment of Trauma, Anxiety, and stress disorders, PESI, https://catalog.pesi.com/showtime/1106448?ClassroomTab=courseSchedule_1106447_12_0
Janak, P. H., & Tye, K. M. (2015). From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala. Nature, 517(7534), 284-292.
Rauch, S. L., Shin, L. M., & Wright, C. I. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985(1), 389-410.
Topolnik, L., & Tamboli, S. (2022). The role of inhibitory circuits in hippocampal memory processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 23(8), 476-492.
Van Drunen, R., & Eckel-Mahan, K. (2021). Circadian rhythms of the hypothalamus: from function to physiology. Clocks & sleep, 3(1), 189-226.
Vagus Nerve:
Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018). Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain-gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Front Psychiatry. 9(44). doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044..
Evrensel, A. & Ceylan, M.E. The gut-brain axis: the missing link in depression. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci, 13. 239–44. 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239
Goehler, L.E., Gaykema, R.P., Hansen, M.K., Anderson, K., Maier, S.F., Watkins, L.R. (2000). Vagal immune-to-brain communication: a visceral chemosensory pathway. Auton Neurosci, 85. 49–59. 10.1016/S1566-0702(00)00219-8
Porges, S.W. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe. W.W. Norton & Company.
Prescott, S.L. & Liberles, S.D. (2022). Internal senses of the vagus nerve. Neuron, 110, 579-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.020
Vonck, K., Raedt, R., Naulaerts, J., De Vogelaere, F., Thiery, E., Van Roost, D., ... & Boon, P. (2014). Vagus nerve stimulation… 25 years later! What do we know about the effects on cognition?. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 45, 63-71.
Autonomic Nervous System:
Alshak M.N., M Das J. Neuroanatomy, Sympathetic Nervous System. (2022, May 14) In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. [Figure, Sympathetic Nervous System. Image courtesy S Bhimji MD] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542195/figure/article-29800.image.f1/
Cardinali, D.P. (2018). Autonomic Nervous System: Basic and Clinical aspects (1st edition). Springer.
Gibbons, C.H. (2019). Chapter 27-Basics of autonomic nervous system function. In: Levin, K.H., Chauvel, P. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier.
Jänig, W. (2013). The Autonomic Nervous System. In: Galizia, C., Lledo, PM. (eds) Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_10 Recordati, G. (2003). A thermodynamic model of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 103, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1566-0702(02)00260-6
Tindle J, Tadi P. Neuroanatomy, Parasympathetic Nervous System. 2022 Oct 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale:
Morton, L. (N.D.) Dr. Liza Morton, Counseling Psychologist. https://www.drlizamorton.com/neuroception-of-psychological-safety-scale.html
Morton, L., Cogan, N., Kolacz, J., Calderwood, C., Nikolic, M., Bacon, T., Pathe, E., Williams, D., & Porges, S. W. (2022). A new measure of feeling safe: Developing psychometric properties of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS). Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001313
Clinician Resources:
Dana, D. (2020). Polyvagal Exercises for Safety and Connection. W.W. Norton & Company.
Dana, D. (2022). Polyvagal Card Deck. W.W. Norton & Company.
NICABM. (N.D.) A Simple Exercise to Ease Despair with Peter Levine, PhD. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1bPdbBF1Ck
Porges, S.W. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The Transformative Power of Feeling Safe. W.W. Norton & Company.
Social Justice:
Elliot, N. (2022). Embodied Equity: A Polyvagal-Informed Approach for Educators and helping professions. https://www.polyvagalinstitute.org
Johnson, R. (2017). Embodied social justice. Routledge.
Menakem, R. (2017). My Grandmother’s Hands: Racialized Trauma and the Mending Our Hearts and Bodies. Central Recovery Press.
Poetry For Collective Healing:
Kaur, R. (2020). Home Body. Simon & Schuster. Polyvagal Institute. Oliver, M. (1986). Dream Work. Atlantic Monthly Press.
Rumi. (2006). Love: The Joy That Wounds: The Love Poems of Rumi. Souvenir Press.
Wattney, L. (2019). Black Sheep. Independently Published.